YY3588 开发板上有 1 个 PCIe3.0 x 4 接口,可以插入支持 NVME 协议的 M.2 M-KEY 2280 SSD 进行使用，如图：
// TO DO IMG
// TO DO
# 查看
$ sudo fdisk -l
...
Disk /dev/nvme0n1: 476.94 GiB, 512110190592 bytes, 1000215216 sectors
Disk model: CF600 512GB
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x3a6ba98f
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/nvme0n1p1 2048 1000215215 1000213168 476.9G 83 Linux
...
# 挂载
mkdir -p /mnt/ssd
sudo mount /dev/nvme0n1p1 /mnt/ssd
### 查看设备的UUID
$ sudo blkid /dev/nvme0n1
$
### 如果没有输出 UUID 说明没有进行分区（如果有的话，可以直接跳到`再次查看设备的UUID`）
### 检查分区情况
$ sudo fdisk -l /dev/nvme0n1
Disk /dev/nvme0n1: 476.94 GiB, 512110190592 bytes, 1000215216 sectors
Disk model: CF600 512GB
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
### 如果输出这种信息，没有类似于/dev/nvme0n1p1这样的分区，意味着没有分区
### 创建分区（在这里我们创建一个主分区作为演示）
$ sudo fdisk /dev/nvme0n1
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.38.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS (MBR) disklabel with disk identifier 0x3a6ba98f.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-1000215215, default 2048):
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-1000215215, default 1000215215):
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 476.9 GiB.
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
### 将刚刚创建好的分区格式化为ext4格式
$ sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/nvme0n1p1
mke2fs 1.47.0 (5-Feb-2023)
Discarding device blocks: done
Creating filesystem with 125026646 4k blocks and 31260672 inodes
Filesystem UUID: d068a5fd-b7bb-4f80-86dd-aa6a036f86d9
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,
102400000
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (262144 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
### 再次查看设备的UUID
$ sudo blkid /dev/nvme0n1p1
/dev/nvme0n1p1: UUID="d068a5fd-b7bb-4f80-86dd-aa6a036f86d9" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="3a6ba98f-01"
/etc/fstab文件$ cat /etc/fstab
...
UUID="d068a5fd-b7bb-4f80-86dd-aa6a036f86d9" /mnt/ssd ext4 defaults 0 2
### 挂载
$ sudo mount -a
mount: (hint) your fstab has been modified, but systemd still uses
the old version; use 'systemctl daemon-reload' to reload.
### 验证(可以看到已经挂载成功)
$ df -h
文件系统 大小 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
...
/dev/nvme0n1p1 469G 28K 445G 1% /mnt/ssd
$ sudo lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
...
nvme0n1 259:0 0 476.9G 0 disk
└─nvme0n1p1 259:1 0 476.9G 0 part /mnt/ssd
$ cat /proc/mounts | grep nvme
/dev/nvme0n1p1 /mnt/ssd ext4 rw,relatime 0 0
### 重启再验证
| 协议\插槽 | x1 | x2 | x4 | x8 | x16 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCIe 1.0 | 250MB/s | 500MB/s | 1GB/s | 2GB/s | 4GB/s |
| PCIe 2.0 | 500MB/s | 1GB/s | 2GB/s | 4GB/s | 8GB/s |
| PCIe 3.0 | 1GB/s | 2GB/s | 4GB/s | 8GB/s | 16GB/s |
| PCIe 4.0 | 2GB/s | 4GB/s | 8GB/s | 16GB/s | 32GB/s |
由表可知PCIe3.0 x 4 的传输速率最高达到 4 GB/s
dd 命令进行读写测试### 向磁盘写入 1GB 的数据
$ sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/nvme0n1p1 bs=1M count=1024 oflag=direct
输入了 1024+0 块记录
输出了 1024+0 块记录
1073741824 字节 (1.1 GB, 1.0 GiB) 已复制，0.930404 s，1.2 GB/s
### 读取磁盘 1GB 文件
$ sudo dd if=/dev/nvme0n1p1 of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024 iflag=direct
输入了 1024+0 块记录
输出了 1024+0 块记录
1073741824 字节 (1.1 GB, 1.0 GiB) 已复制，0.513896 s，2.1 GB/s
fio 命令进行读写测试$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install fio
### 顺序写入性能测试
$ fio --name=seqwrite --ioengine=sync --rw=write --bs=1M --numjobs=1 --size=10G --runtime=60s --time_based --output-format=normal --direct=1 --filename=/dev/nvme0n1p1
seqwrite: (g=0): rw=write, bs=(R) 1024KiB-1024KiB, (W) 1024KiB-1024KiB, (T) 1024KiB-1024KiB, ioengine=sync, iode
pth=1
fio-3.33
Starting 1 process
Jobs: 1 (f=1): [W(1)][100.0%][w=1265MiB/s][w=1265 IOPS][eta 00m:00s]
seqwrite: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=4154: Tue Dec 10 03:34:39 2024
write: IOPS=1273, BW=1273MiB/s (1335MB/s)(74.6GiB/60001msec); 0 zone resets
clat (usec): min=545, max=3320, avg=742.53, stdev=127.38
lat (usec): min=566, max=3353, avg=780.76, stdev=127.60
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 594], 5.00th=[ 619], 10.00th=[ 627], 20.00th=[ 644],
| 30.00th=[ 652], 40.00th=[ 660], 50.00th=[ 676], 60.00th=[ 717],
| 70.00th=[ 775], 80.00th=[ 906], 90.00th=[ 938], 95.00th=[ 979],
| 99.00th=[ 1057], 99.50th=[ 1074], 99.90th=[ 1139], 99.95th=[ 1172],
| 99.99th=[ 2008]
bw ( MiB/s): min= 1239, max= 1301, per=100.00%, avg=1274.90, stdev=10.18, samples=119
iops : min= 1239, max= 1301, avg=1274.77, stdev=10.25, samples=119
lat (usec) : 750=67.43%, 1000=28.95%
lat (msec) : 2=3.60%, 4=0.01%
cpu : usr=5.89%, sys=18.73%, ctx=76982, majf=0, minf=12
IO depths : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=0,76397,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1
Run status group 0 (all jobs):
WRITE: bw=1273MiB/s (1335MB/s), 1273MiB/s-1273MiB/s (1335MB/s-1335MB/s), io=74.6GiB (80.1GB), run=60001-60001m
sec
Disk stats (read/write):
nvme0n1: ios=32/610111, merge=0/0, ticks=3/215014, in_queue=215016, util=100.00%
### 顺序读取性能测试
$ fio --name=seqread --ioengine=sync --rw=read --bs=1M --numjobs=1 --size=10G --runtime=60s --time_based --output-format=normal --direct=1 --filename=/dev/nvme0n1p1
seqread: (g=0): rw=read, bs=(R) 1024KiB-1024KiB, (W) 1024KiB-1024KiB, (T) 1024KiB-1024KiB, ioengine=sync, iodept
h=1
fio-3.33
Starting 1 process
Jobs: 1 (f=1): [R(1)][100.0%][r=2134MiB/s][r=2134 IOPS][eta 00m:00s]
seqread: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=4193: Tue Dec 10 03:36:20 2024
read: IOPS=2110, BW=2110MiB/s (2213MB/s)(124GiB/60001msec)
clat (usec): min=362, max=2523, avg=470.19, stdev=42.26
lat (usec): min=362, max=2526, avg=470.56, stdev=42.35
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 396], 5.00th=[ 412], 10.00th=[ 420], 20.00th=[ 445],
| 30.00th=[ 457], 40.00th=[ 465], 50.00th=[ 465], 60.00th=[ 474],
| 70.00th=[ 478], 80.00th=[ 494], 90.00th=[ 510], 95.00th=[ 537],
| 99.00th=[ 594], 99.50th=[ 635], 99.90th=[ 807], 99.95th=[ 848],
| 99.99th=[ 1020]
bw ( MiB/s): min= 1962, max= 2305, per=100.00%, avg=2113.48, stdev=96.21, samples=119
iops : min= 1962, max= 2305, avg=2113.33, stdev=96.24, samples=119
lat (usec) : 500=84.38%, 750=15.38%, 1000=0.22%
lat (msec) : 2=0.01%, 4=0.01%
cpu : usr=1.29%, sys=29.90%, ctx=127638, majf=0, minf=266
IO depths : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=126620,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1
Run status group 0 (all jobs):
READ: bw=2110MiB/s (2213MB/s), 2110MiB/s-2110MiB/s (2213MB/s-2213MB/s), io=124GiB (133GB), run=60001-60001mse
c
Disk stats (read/write):
nvme0n1: ios=1011295/0, merge=0/0, ticks=219401/0, in_queue=219401, util=100.00%
### 随机写入性能测试（以下测试结果略）
$ fio --name=randwrite --ioengine=sync --rw=randwrite --bs=4k --numjobs=8 --size=10G --runtime=60s --time_based --output-format=normal --direct=1 --filename=/dev/nvme0n1p1
### 随机读取性能测试
$ fio --name=randread --ioengine=sync --rw=randread --bs=4k --numjobs=8 --size=10G --runtime=60s --time_based --output-format=normal --direct=1 --filename=/dev/nvme0n1p1
### 测试多线程性能
$ fio --name=multiwrite --ioengine=sync --rw=write --bs=1M --numjobs=16 --size=10G --runtime=60s --time_based --output-format=normal --direct=1 --filename=/dev/nvme0n1p1
### 读取与写入混合测试（进行 50% 读取和 50% 写入的混合测试）
$ fio --name=mixedreadwrite --ioengine=sync --rw=randwrite --bs=4k --numjobs=4 --size=10G --runtime=60s --time_based --output-format=normal --direct=1 --filename=/dev/nvme0n1p1
--filename=/dev/nvme0n1p1：指定测试磁盘设备为 /dev/nvme0n1p1。--direct=1：启用直接 I/O，绕过文件系统缓存，直接与磁盘交互。--size=10G：测试的文件大小为 10GB。hdparm 命令进行读写测试$ sudo apt install hdparm
### 测试顺序读取性能
$ sudo hdparm -t --direct /dev/nvme0n1p1
### 测试缓存读取性能
$ sudo hdparm -T /dev/nvme0n1p1
ioping 命令进行读写测试$ sudo apt install ioping
### 测试磁盘的读取性能(ioping 默认测试的是 磁盘读取延迟。)
$ ioping -c 10 /dev/nvme0n1p1
### 测试磁盘的写入性能(ioping 还可以用来测试磁盘的写入延迟)
$ ioping -c 10 -W /dev/nvme0n1p1
### 测试持续的 I/O 性能
$ ioping -c 1000 -t /dev/nvme0n1p1
stress-ng 工具进行读写测试$ sudo apt install stress-ng
### 测试磁盘的顺序写入性能
$ stress-ng --io 1 --blocksize 1M --timeout 60s --write --verify --fsync --name seqwrite --device /dev/nvme0n1p1
### 测试磁盘的顺序读取性能
$ stress-ng --io 1 --blocksize 1M --timeout 60s --read --verify --name seqread --device /dev/nvme0n1p1
### 测试磁盘的随机写入性能
$ stress-ng --io 8 --blocksize 4k --timeout 60s --write --verify --random-ops --name randwrite --device /dev/nvme0n1p1
### 测试磁盘的随机读取性能
$ stress-ng --io 8 --blocksize 4k --timeout 60s --read --verify --random-ops --name randread --device /dev/nvme0n1p1
### 测试混合负载（读写混合）
$ stress-ng --io 8 --blocksize 4k --timeout 60s --verify --name mixedreadwrite --random-ops --mix 50 --device /dev/nvme0n1p1
### 测试多个线程的并发 I/O 性能
$ stress-ng --io 16 --blocksize 1M --timeout 60s --write --verify --name multiwrite --device /dev/nvme0n1p1
bonnie++ 工具进行读写测试$ sudo apt install bonnie++
### 顺序写入性能测试
$ bonnie++ -d /mnt/ssd -s 10G -r 5G -w
### 顺序读取性能测试
$ bonnie++ -d /mnt/ssd -s 10G -r 5G -r
### 随机写入性能测试
$ bonnie++ -d /mnt/ssd -s 10G -r 5G -n 128 -w
### 随机读取性能测试
$ bonnie++ -d /mnt/ssd -s 10G -r 5G -n 128 -r
### 综合测试（顺序和随机读写）
$ bonnie++ -d /mnt/ssd -s 10G -r 5G
#!/bin/bash
# 提取根分区剩余空间
disk_size=$(df /dev/nvme0n1p1 | awk '/\//{print $4}')
# 注意磁盘提取的空间大小都是以 Kb 为单位
if [ $disk_size -lt 512000 -a $mem_size -lt 1024000 ]
then
echo "Insufficient resources" | mail -s Warning 邮箱
fi
# 添加到crontab里面（每十分钟执行一次）
*/10 * * * * /path/to/nameOfScript